Student Loan Forgiveness Tax Break Expires, Hitting 2026 Borrowers

The American Rescue Plan Act's exclusion of forgiven federal student debt from taxable income expired at the end of 2025, so borrowers whose loans are discharged in 2026 now face ordinary income tax on the canceled amount — a shift that could push some households into higher brackets.

"Certain types of forgiveness and discharge remain excluded from federal taxable income, including Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Teacher Loan Forgiveness, and certain discharges due to death or total and permanent disability," the IRS said.

The change lands as more than 40 million Americans carry federal student debt, with average monthly payments near $430. Borrowers who receive a Form 1099-C from their lender in early 2027 must report the canceled amount on their 2026 return, and those who were insolvent at discharge can file Form 982 to exclude some or all of it. State treatment can diverge, since states do not always conform to federal rules on forgiven debt.

The stakes are material: forgiven balances can run to tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars, taxed at ordinary rates. Borrowers expecting discharge in 2026 should set aside savings, adjust withholding, or make estimated payments before tax season, and confirm their state's treatment. Figures and rules cited here reflect guidance as of late August 2026 and should be checked against the latest IRS announcements.

Filing Separately Can Cut Payments by $7,000 a Year

The new Repayment Assistance Plan, effective July 1, 2026, uses a borrower's income and family size to set monthly payments, and filing status determines whether a spouse's income counts. For a married couple with $100,000 of combined adjusted gross income split evenly, filing jointly puts the full amount into the RAP calculation, yielding a base payment near $750 a month. Filing separately uses only the borrower's $50,000, cutting the base payment to about $167 — a difference of roughly $583 a month, or nearly $7,000 a year.

That saving carries a cost. Married taxpayers who file separately generally cannot claim the student loan interest deduction of up to $2,500, and other credits and deductions can be limited or unavailable. Couples should weigh the potential $7,000 in annual loan savings against the added tax bill and lost benefits before choosing a filing status, ideally with a tax professional.

Employer Benefits and Retirement Matches Offer Offsets

Two provisions can soften the burden. Employers can provide up to $5,250 a year in tax-free educational assistance, including qualifying student loan payments, under rules made permanent by the 2025 tax law. Separately, the SECURE 2.0 Act lets employers treat certain student loan payments as elective deferrals for retirement matching, so borrowers can earn a 401(k) match without contributing directly — with combined matched payments and contributions capped at the 2026 deferral limit of $24,500.

The option matters because 53 percent of personal and parent borrowers say student debt directly hinders their ability to save for retirement, according to the American Institute of CPAs. Both provisions are voluntary for employers, so borrowers should check plan documents or ask their benefits administrator whether qualifying payments apply. Parent PLUS loans, meanwhile, are excluded from the Repayment Assistance Plan and now carry a $20,000 annual cap per student with a $65,000 lifetime limit.

The student loan interest deduction itself is easy to overlook because it reduces taxable income rather than the tax bill dollar-for-dollar, and eligibility depends on income and filing status. Loan servicers report qualifying interest on Form 1098-E, but receiving the form does not by itself establish eligibility. Given the interplay between filing status, forgiveness taxation, and available credits, borrowers facing discharge or a payment change in 2026 should map out the full tax picture before year-end rather than react at filing time.

This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute investment advice.