BOJ Signals Multiple Rate Hikes, Strengthening Yen

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[1] Japan GDP Data Confirms Contraction, But Rate-Hike View Remains Intact - The Wall Street Journal (https://www.wsj.com/economy/japans-economy-sh ...)[2] Sees 'additional volatility' in 2026 if BOJ does not raise neutral rate: Global fixed income head - CNBC (https://www.cnbc.com/video/2025/12/08/more-vo ...)[3] Speculation the RBA will soon hike rates is “premature”, according to a top economist who believes the current inflation rate is “not a problem” for Australia’s economy. - facebook.com (https://www.facebook.com/SkyNewsAustralia/pos ...)

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Dec 13 2025, 06:24

Microsoft Power Deal Earns Constellation Industry Award

## Executive Summary **Constellation Energy Corporation** (**CEG**) has been awarded "Energy Deal of the Year" at the 27th Annual Platts Global Energy Awards. The recognition is for its 20-year power purchase agreement (PPA) with **Microsoft** (**MSFT**) to support the restart of the Crane Clean Energy Center. This award underscores a critical developing trend: the technology industry's escalating demand for large-scale, reliable, and clean energy to power the rapid expansion of data centers and artificial intelligence infrastructure. ## The Event in Detail The award, presented by **S&P Global Energy**, highlights the innovative structure of the long-term agreement between **Constellation** and **Microsoft**. This PPA directly facilitates the recommissioning of the Crane Clean Energy Center, ensuring a dedicated supply of clean power. While the award itself carries reputational value, its primary significance is in validating the strategic importance of the underlying transaction, which serves as a financial and operational cornerstone for both entities. ## Deconstructing the Financial Mechanics The 20-year PPA is a cornerstone financial instrument that provides significant long-term stability. For **Constellation**, it guarantees a predictable, multi-decade revenue stream, de-risking the investment required to bring the Crane facility back online. For **Microsoft**, it secures a fixed cost for a substantial volume of clean energy, hedging against future electricity market volatility. This strategic sourcing is critical for managing the immense operational expenditures associated with powering a global network of data centers, particularly as the company pursues its goal to be carbon negative by 2030. The deal serves as a functional blueprint for how technology firms can underwrite new clean energy generation. ## Market Implications This PPA exemplifies the increasing convergence of the technology and energy sectors. The immense energy appetite of companies like **Microsoft**, driven by the computational demands of AI, is creating a new class of industrial energy consumers. Energy providers that can offer large-scale, reliable, and carbon-free power are positioned to benefit significantly. This trend establishes a new, durable demand driver for the energy market. For **Constellation**, this deal cements its status as a premier energy supplier to the high-growth technology sector. This award-winning transaction, coupled with its recent strategic moves—including a $26.6 billion deal to acquire Calpine that makes it the largest wholesale power provider in the United States—signals an aggressive strategy to dominate the evolving energy landscape. ## Broader Context **Microsoft's** deal with **Constellation** is not an isolated event but a component of a much larger, multi-pronged energy and sustainability strategy. The technology giant has recently engaged in several massive carbon removal credit purchases, including a 3.6 million metric ton deal with bioenergy plant C2X and other agreements with Vaulted Deep and CO280. These actions illustrate the immense pressure on technology companies to secure power and offset emissions as their operational footprints expand. The AI boom has triggered an arms race for energy, making long-term PPAs and direct investments in energy infrastructure a strategic necessity for maintaining growth and meeting ambitious corporate climate pledges.

Dec 13 2025, 06:10

Analysts Boost Citigroup, Alphabet Targets

## Executive Summary Wall Street has issued strong votes of confidence for **Citigroup (C)** and **Alphabet (GOOG)**, with J.P. Morgan upgrading the banking giant and TD Cowen increasing its price target for the tech behemoth. The analyst actions reflect optimism in **Citigroup's** ongoing turnaround strategy and **Alphabet's** successful integration of artificial intelligence into its core products. These endorsements have provided further momentum to both stocks, which have already posted significant gains year-to-date. ## The Event in Detail ### Citigroup Upgraded on Turnaround Momentum J.P. Morgan upgraded **Citigroup's** stock to "Overweight" from "Neutral," validating the strategic simplification and restructuring efforts led by CEO Jane Fraser. The bank's shares have gained approximately 59% this year, outpacing rivals like **JPMorgan Chase (JPM)** and **Bank of America (BAC)**. Despite this rally, **Citigroup** stock trades at a lower valuation, with a forward price-to-earnings ratio of 11.2, compared to 15.04 for **JPM** and 12.5 for **BAC**. Analysts at J.P. Morgan noted that "improvement in profitability will be the key driver to further upside." ### Alphabet Target Raised on AI Growth TD Cowen reiterated its "Buy" rating on **Alphabet** and raised its price target from $335 to $350. The firm's confidence is based on strong adoption of **Alphabet's** Gemini AI and its integration into Google Search. According to survey data, the use of AI Overviews is driving higher user engagement. TD Cowen has increased its forecast for Google Search's compound annual growth rate to 10.2% over the next five years and projects that Gemini could reach 850 million monthly average users by the end of 2025. ## Market Implications The dual endorsements from major analyst firms reinforce positive investor sentiment for two distinct but powerful market narratives. For **Citigroup**, the upgrade suggests that its complex, multi-year turnaround is yielding tangible results and gaining credibility, potentially closing the valuation gap with its peers. For **Alphabet**, the revised target underscores the successful monetization and strategic deployment of AI to enhance its dominant search business, positioning it competitively in the ongoing AI arms race. ## Expert Commentary Market analysts have been vocal in their support for both companies. On **Citigroup**, Wells Fargo analyst Mike Mayo, a long-time bull on the stock, stated, "Citi has been our top pick for 2025... It continues to be our top pick for 2026." He previously forecasted that the stock could double in three years. J.P. Morgan analysts added context to the upgrade: > "These [turnaround efforts] should continue to improve Citi's profitability over time - RoTCE should increase more than peers. Valuation has improved from the lows and improvement in profitability will be the key driver to further upside." Regarding **Alphabet**, TD Cowen detailed the drivers behind its revised estimates: > "We are raising GOOG Search estimates on our positive U.S. survey data which indicates i) ramping Gemini chatbot usage following the launch of Gemini 3, ii) continued increases in Search engagement driven by AI Mode and AI Overviews usage, and iii) an increasing share of ChatGPT users that are also using Gemini." ## Broader Context The positive outlook for **Citigroup** aligns with J.P. Morgan's expectation that the broader banking sector is poised to benefit from a "solid economy, strong markets, and a favorable regulatory environment in 2026." Meanwhile, **Alphabet's** success with Gemini highlights a critical trend in the technology sector, where established leaders are leveraging their scale and existing platforms to deploy generative AI. This strategy not only defends their market share but also creates new avenues for growth and user engagement, demonstrating a clear path to AI monetization.

Dec 13 2025, 06:09

Baidu Accelerates Global Robotaxi Rollout

## Executive Summary **Baidu** is escalating its efforts in the autonomous vehicle sector with the international expansion of its **Apollo Go** robotaxi service. The unit recently surpassed 17 million cumulative rides by November 2025 and has initiated operations in Switzerland and Abu Dhabi. This global push places Baidu in a fiercely competitive landscape dominated by players like **Google's Waymo** and **Uber**, which are pursuing aggressive, partnership-heavy growth strategies. While the immediate financial impact on **Baidu** stock remains gradual, the strategic positioning within the burgeoning multi-trillion-dollar autonomous transportation market is critical for long-term valuation. ## The Event in Detail **Baidu's Apollo Go** has achieved significant operational scale, with its service now active in 22 cities. The company's recent international foray includes a partnership with **PostBus** in Switzerland and the acquisition of commercial permits in Abu Dhabi. This expansion is further supported by a strategic, multiyear partnership announced in July with **Uber**. The collaboration is designed to integrate **Apollo Go's** autonomous vehicles onto the **Uber** platform in various markets across the Middle East and Asia, explicitly excluding the US and mainland China. This move leverages **Uber's** established ride-hailing network to accelerate **Apollo Go's** entry into new regions. ## Market Implications The global robotaxi market is rapidly evolving from localized tests to large-scale commercial deployments. **Baidu's** expansion strategy contrasts with the approaches of its primary competitors. * **Uber** is pursuing a platform-centric model, forming an extensive network of over 20 partnerships with autonomous vehicle companies, including **WeRide**, **Avride**, and **Baidu**. The company has committed hundreds of millions in strategic investments, such as a $375 million commitment in its partnership with **Avride** for deployments in Dallas. This strategy positions **Uber** as an aggregator, aiming to become the dominant interface for autonomous ride-hailing regardless of the underlying vehicle technology. * **Waymo** is scaling its vertically integrated service at a rapid pace. It served over 14 million rides in 2025 alone and aims to reach 1 million rides per week by the end of 2026. With plans to enter over 20 new cities, including Tokyo and London, **Waymo** represents a formidable competitor focused on controlling the entire user experience. * **WeRide**, another key player, has a strong presence in the Middle East with nearly 150 autonomous vehicles. Its partnership with **Uber** in Dubai, which aims for fully driverless commercial operations in early 2026, underscores the region's strategic importance. ## Expert Commentary The strategic importance of the autonomous vehicle market is widely acknowledged by industry leaders. **Uber** CEO Dara Khosrowshahi has noted that the eventual market will be valued at "at least US$1tr," emphasizing that "the technology is absolutely getting there." However, the path to profitability is complex. Analysis of microtransit services, such as the **Evolve Houston** program, reveals the economic challenges. Despite a $4.1 million funding extension, the service delivered fewer than 100,000 trips in over a year. Transit expert Jarrett Walker notes that such services are often a strategy for providing social "coverage" rather than achieving high "ridership." He cautions against a model where low-efficiency services compete with more cost-effective fixed-route transit. > "The extreme inefficiency of ridership means that ridership is the worst thing that can happen to it: Ridership just means more vehicles must be added, exploding costs.” - Jarrett Walker, Transit Consultant ## Broader Context **Baidu's** global expansion is a critical step, but its success will depend on navigating regulatory hurdles, managing high operational costs, and proving a viable path to profitability. The **Houston** case study illustrates that providing autonomous or microtransit services is capital-intensive and does not guarantee high utilization. For companies like **Baidu**, **Uber**, and **Waymo**, the central challenge is to transition from a coverage-based, subsidized model to a high-ridership, profitable commercial enterprise. The industry is watching closely to see whether these firms can overcome the operational drag and achieve the scale necessary to justify their massive investments, a goal that remains a strategic objective rather than a current reality.